Contributed Papers and Talks

1.                  B.B. Hu, J.T. Darrow , N.M. Froberg, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Generation of Ultrafast Electromagnetic Radiation”, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1990.

2.                  X.-C. Zhang , J.T. Darrow, M. Mack and D.H. Auston, “Generation and Detection of Ultrafast Pulsed Electromagnetic Radiation by Large-Aperture Photoconducting Antennas,” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1990.

3.                  X.-C. Zhang , L. Xu, S.H. Xin, C.L. Huddle and D.H. Auston, “Optical Characterization of Piezoelectric Fields in Strained-Layer Superlattices”, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1990.

4.                  N.M. Froberg, M. Mack, B.B. Hu, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Electrically-steered Photoconducting Antenna Array,” postdeadline paper, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston, Nov. 1990.

5.                  J.T. Darrow, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Saturation Properties of  Large-aperture Photoconducting Antennas,” Conference on Laser and Electro-optics, Baltimore , May 1991.

6.                  B.B. Hu , N.M. Froberg, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Electrically-controlled Pulse Shaping and Frequency Scanning of Terahertz Submillimeter Waves,” Conference on Laser and Electro-optics, Baltimore , May 1991.

7.                  N.M. Froberg, B.B. Hu, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Directionality of Terahertz Electromagnetic Waves  From Photoconducting Antenna Arrays,” Conference on Laser and Electro-optics, Baltimore , May 1991.

8.                  B.B. Hu, X.-C. Zhang and D.H. Auston, “Observation of Negative Transient  Photoconductivity In GaAs,” postdeadline paper, Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Baltimore, May 1991.

9.                  C. Shu, X.-C. Zhang , E.S. Yang and D.H. Auston, “Optoelectronic Generation and Detection of 80 GBit/s Pulse Train,” International Electron Devices Meeting, San Francisco , Jan. 1991.

10.              X.-C. Zhang , “460 GHz Electro-Optic Sampling Using a Nonlinear Polymer Film,” Conference of Laser and Electro-Optics, Anaheim , CA , May 1992.

11.              X.-C. Zhang , Y. Jin, B.B. Hu and D.H. Auston, “Terahertz Optical Rectification from Strained-Layer Superlattices,” 21 International Conference on Superlattices, Microelectronics and Microdevices, Xian, China , Aug. 1992.

12.              X.-C. Zhang , Y. Jin, B.B. Hu, L. Xu and D.H. Auston, “Optoelectronic Study of Piezoelectric field in Strained-Layer Superlattices,” 21 International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Beijing, China, Aug. 1992.

13.              X.-C. Zhang , T.-M. Lu, C.P. Yakymyshyn, “Intense THz Beam from Organic Electro-Optic Materials,” Topical Meeting of Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, San Francisco , Jan. 1993

14.              X.-C. Zhang , Y. Jin, T.D. Hewitt, K. Ware, L. Kingsley and M. Weiner, “Transient Carrier Dynamics in Electric and Magnetic fields,” OSA annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, Nov. 1993.

15.              C.P. Yakymyshyn, Y. Jin and X.-C. Zhang , “Anomalous Dispersion of Dielectric Constants in Organic Crystals,” OSA annual meeting, Toronto , Canada , Nov. 1993.

16.              H. Shen, Y. Jin, G. Wagoner, X.-C. Zhang and L. Kingsley, “Time Resolved Optoelectronic Measurements of Nitrogen-Implanted GaAs Crystals ,” Ultrafast Phenomena 9th International Meeting, May 1994.

17.              X.-C. Zhang , Y. Jin, G. Wagoner, D. Bliss, J. Larkin and M. Alexander, “Dispersion Measurement of Resonant Nonlinear Susceptibilities near the Semiconductor Bandedge,” CLEO, May 1994.

18.              Y. Jin, X.F. Ma, G. Wagoner, L. Wang, M. Alexander and X.-C. Zhang , “Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics near Metal/GaAs Interfaces,” 22nd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Vancouver , Canada , Aug. 1994.

19.              Y. Jin, X.F. Ma and X.-C. Zhang , “Power Dependence of THz Radiation from Metal/Semiconductors,” OSA Annual Meeting, Dallas , Oct. 1994.

20.              G. A. Wagoner, X. S. Zhao, K. R. Stewart, H. X. Zhao and X.-C. Zhang , “Measurement of Pressure-Sensitive Nonlinear Susceptibility in GaAs,” OSA Annual Meeting, Dallas , Oct. 1994.

21.              Y. Jin, X.F. Ma and X.-C. Zhang , “Power Dependence of THz Radiation from Metal/GaAs,” IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1994.

22.              X.-C. Zhang , Y. Jin, D.F. Liu, G.A. Wagoner, D. Bliss, J. Larkin and M. Alexander, “Temperature Dependence of Resonance Second-Order Susceptibility,” IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1994.

23.              Wagoner, W. Philips and X.-C. Zhang , “Characterization of Photoconducting Antennas,” IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, Boston , Nov. 1994.

24.              X.-C. Zhang , “Generation and Detection of Terahertz Electromagnetic Pulses from Semiconductors with Femtosecond Optics,” 10th International Conference on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids, Cairns , Australia , Aug. 1995.

25.              F.G. Sun, G.A. Wagoner, D. Bentz, and X.-C. Zhang , “Long Photocarrier Lifetime Terahertz Antennas,” Proceeding of IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, San Francisco , Nov. 1995.

26.              Q. Wu, P. Campbell, and X.-C. Zhang , “Electro-Optic Field Sensor for Terahertz Pulses,” Proceeding of IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, San Francisco , Nov. 1995.

27.              X.-C. Zhang , Q. Wu, P. Campbell, and L. Libelo, “New Sensors for THz Measurements,” Ultrafast Processes of Spectroscope , Italy , Nov. 1995.

28.              “Ultrafast Terahertz Optoelectronics,” Plenary Speaker, National Jiaotung University , Taiwan , May, 1996.

29.              Q. Wu, M. Litz, and X.-C. Zhang , “Free-Space Electro-Optic Samplers,” Ultrafast Phenomena X, San Diego , June 1996.

30.              X.-C. Zhang , Q. Wu, and T. D. Hewitt, “Electro-Optic Imaging of Terahertz Beams,” Ultrafast Phenomena X, San Diego , June 1996.

31.              Q. Wu, P. Campbell, X.-C. Zhang , and L. Libelo, “Ultrafast Electro-Optic Field Sensors for Terahertz Beams,” CTuD5, CLEO Technical Digest, 1996.

32.              Wu and X.-C. Zhang , “7 Terahertz GaP Electro-Optic Sensor,” CTuC5,  CLEO, May 1997.

33.              Wu and X.-C. Zhang , “37 Broadband Electro-Optic Sampling,” CPD3, CLEO Postdeadline Paper, May 1997.

34.              A. Riordan, F.G. Sun, Z.G. Lu, and X.-C. Zhang , “Free-Space Magneto-Optic Sampling,” CPD10, CLEO Postdeadline Paper, May 1997.

35.              I. Brener, Q. Wu, T. Cai, X.-C. Zhang , J. Lopata, J. Wynn, L. Pfeiffer, J. B. Stark, and J. Federici, “Coherent Terahertz Detection: Free Space Electro-Optic Sampling vs. Antenna Detection,” CTuP37, CLEO May 1997.

36.              McElroy, X.-C. Zhang , K. Wynne, “Pump-Probe Spectroscopy in the Condensed Phase with THz-Pulses,” QWA5, QELS, May 1997.

37.              X.-C. Zhang , Q. Wu, and M. Litz, “THz Electro-Optic Field Sensors” by CLEO/Pacific Rim’97, WF4, Chiba , Japan , July 16, 1997 .

38.              Z.G. Lu, P. Campbell, and X.-C. Zhang , “Focal Plane Real-Time THz Imaging,” OSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach , CA , Oct. 14, 1997 .

39.              Qi Wu, P. Y. Han, and X. -C. Zhang, “Coherent detection of ultrafast mid-infrared pulses by free-space electro-optic sampling,” OSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, Oct. 14, 1997.

40.              J.A. Riordan, Z.G. Lu, and X.-C. Zhang , “Free-Space Magneto-Optical Transients,” OSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach , CA, Oct. 14, 1997 .

41.              G.R. Lin, C-L Pan, Q. Wu, and X.-C. Zhang , “Characterization of Arsenic ion-implanted GaAs by Optically Excited Terahertz Radiation,” IEEE/LEOS Annual Meeting, Nov. 13, 1997 .

42.              X.-C. Zhang , P. Campbell and M. Litz, “Ultrawideband Electro-Optic Sensors,” PSAA’98, DARPA Symposium, Monterey , CA , Jan. 8, 1998 .

43.              X.-C. Zhang , “Free-Space THz Optoelectronics,” Commercialization of Ultrafast Lasers, SPIE, San Jose , Jan. 30, 1998 .

44.              Zhiping Jiang and X.-C. Zhang , “Detection of a THz Pulse with a Chirped Optical Pulse,” postdeadline paper, CPD8, CLEO’98, San Francisco , CA , May 7, 1998 .

45.              Z.G. Lu and X.-C. Zhang ,  “Real-Time THz Imaging System Based on Electro-Optic Crystals ,” International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology, Ottawa , July 29, 1998 .

46.              Zhiping Jiang and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Pulse Measurement with a Chirped Optical Beam,” Nonlinear Optics, Kauai , Hawaii , August, 13, 1998 .

47.              P.Y. Han and X.-C. Zhang , “Detection of a THz Pulse with a Chirped Optical Pulse,” Nonlinear Optics, Kauai , Hawaii , August, 13, 1998 .

48.              Ming Li and X.-C. Zhang , “Ultrafast Optical Pulse Testing of Thin Films and Circuits,” SRC Tech Conference, Las Vegas , Sept. 10, 1998 .

49.              Z.G. Lu, and X.-C. Zhang , “Real time THz imaging system based on electro-optic crystals”, the 1998 International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (ICAPT'98), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, July 27-30, 1998.

50.              M. Li, X.-C. Zhang , G. Sucha, D. Harter, “Portable THz Beam System with a Fiber Laser,” OSA annual Meeting, TuT3, Baltimore , MD , October 6, 1998 .

51.              J. A. Riordan and X.-C. Zhang , “Liquid Sensors for the Measurement of THz Pulses,” postdeadline paper, PD18, OSA annual Meeting, Baltimore , MD , October 7, 1998 .

52.              P.Y. Han, G.C. Cho, X.-C. Zhang , and H.J. Bakker, “Coherent Reststrahl band Optics Using Electro-Optic THz-Technique,” OSA annual Meeting, ThI6, Baltimore , MD , October 8, 1998 .

53.              F.G. Sun, Z.P. Jiang, and X.-C. Zhang , “Temporal Resolution in Measurement of THz Pulses with a Chirped Optical Probe Beam,” WJ3, LEOS Annual Meeting, December 2, 1998 .

54.              P. Y. Han, G. C. Cho, and X.-C. Zhang , “Mid-infrared THz beam sensors: exploration and application for phonon spectroscopy,” Conference 3624, SPIE’99, San Jose , Jan. 29, 1999 .

55.              M. Li and X.-C. Zhang , G. Sucha and D. J. Harter, “Portable THz system and its applications,” Conference 3616, SPIE’99, San Jose , Jan. 29, 1999 .

56.              X.-C. Zhang , Zhiping Jiang , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, M. Litz, Army Research Laboratory, “Imaging THz Fields by Using a Chirped Optical Beam,” DARPA PSAA-9 Symposium, Monetary, Jan. 12, 1999 .

57.              P. Y. Han, G. C. Cho, and X.-C. Zhang , “Mid-infrared THz beam sensors: exploration and application for phonon spectroscopy,” Conference 3624, SPIE’99, San Jose , Jan. 29, 1999 .

58.              M. Li and X.-C. Zhang , G. Sucha and D. J. Harter, “Portable THz system and its applications,” Conference 3616, SPIE’99, San Jose , Jan. 29, 1999 .

59.              X.-C. Zhang , Zhiping Jiang , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, M. Litz, Army Research Laboratory, “Imaging THz Fields by Using a Chirped Optical Beam,” DARPA PSAA-9 Symposium, Monetary, Feb. 1999.

60.              X.-C. Zhang , “Development of Novel Instrument for GHz/THz Dielectric Measurement of Thin Dielectric Films,” Proposal Review, SEMITECH Workshop, Orlando , March 17, 1999 .

61.              Q. Chen, Zhiping Jiang , F.G. Sun, and X.-C. Zhang , “Electro-Optic THz Sensors,” Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Snowmass , CO , April 14, 1999 .

62.              J. A. Riordan, and X.-C. Zhang , “Transient Magneto-Optic Sampling in Liquids,” Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Snowmass , CO , April 14, 1999 .

63.              Hiroshi Takahashi, Hiroshi Kuwano, Taro Itatani, Yasuhiko Tanuma, Takeyoshi Sugaya, Tadashi Nakagawa, Ming Li , and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Radiation from a GaAs/AlAs Superlattice in a p-i-n Diode,” postdeadline paper, UWC9-PD2, Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Snowmass , CO , April 14, 1999 .

64.              Q. Chen, Zhiping Jiang , F. G. Sun, and X.-C. Zhang , “Two-Fold Improvement of THz Optoelectronic Generation and Detection,” JThA2, CLEO'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

65.              Zhiping Jiang , F. G. Sun, Q. Chen, and X.-C. Zhang , “Electro-Optic Sampling near Zero Optical Transmission Point,” CTUL5, CLEO'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

66.              P.Y. Han, G. C. Cho, and X.-C. Zhang , “Mid-infrared THz Imaging,” CFL2, CLEO'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

67.              G.C. Cho, P.Y. Han, H.J. Bakker, and X.-C. Zhang , “Dynamics of Time-Resolved Reststrahl Band Reflectivity in Semiconductors,” JThD3, QLES'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

68.              G.C. Cho, P.Y. Han, and X.-C. Zhang , “Coherent phonons in doped semiconductors probed by THz radiation,” QWJ4, QLES'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

69.              Ming Li , G. C. Cho, T.-M. Lu, Shi-Qing Wang, Joseph T. Kennedy, and X.-C. Zhang , “Thin Film Measurement on Semiconductor Surface in GHz-THz Frequency Range ,” CWF60, CLEO'99, Baltimore , May, 1999.

70.              Q. Chen, Zhiping Jiang , G. Xu, and X.-C. Zhang , “Applications of THz Time-Domain Measurement on Paper Currencies,” PDA6, Postdeadline paper, CLEO Pacific Rim' 99, Seoul , Korea , Sept. 2, 1999 .

71.              G.C. Cho, P.Y. Han, and X.-C. Zhang , “Time-Resolved THz Phonon Spectroscopy in Semiconductors,” THU2, CLEO Pacific Rim ' 99, Seoul , Korea , Sept. 3, 1999 .

72.              H.S. Kang, F.G. Sun, T.K. Kim, and X.-C. Zhang , “Generation of THz Beams in CdxZn1-xTe Crystals ,” FD3, CLEO Pacific Rim' 99, Seoul , Korea , Sept. 3, 1999 .

73.              Ming Li , Jin Young Kim, Tim Murphy, T.-M. Lu, X.-C. Zhang , “Dielectric Measurement of Thin Films at GHz THz Frequency,” OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara , CA , Sept. 30, 1999 .

74.              Qin Chen , X.-C. Zhang , Robert McLaughlin, Alessandra Corchia, Michael Pepper, Craig M. Ciesla, Donald D. Arnone, Edmund Linfeld, “High-Power Coherent THz Emission in a Magnetic Field,” OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA, Sept. 30, 1999.

75.              P.Y. Han, G.C. Cho, X.-C. Zhang , F. Pan, “DAST Crystals for Mid-Infrared THz Beam,” OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara , CA , Sept. 28, 1999 .

76.              Zhiping Jiang , F. G. Sun, X.-C. Zhang , William Cieslik, “Electro-Optic THz Streak Camera,” Hamamatsu Corp., USA , OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara , CA, Sept. 30, 1999 .

77.              P.Y. Han, G.C. Cho, X.-C. Zhang , “Study of Coherent THz-Transillumination for Biological Tissue Imaging,” OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara , CA , Sept. 30, 1999 .

78.              Hiroshi Takahahi, Hiroshi Kuwano, Taro Itatani, Yasuhiko Tanuma, Takeshi Sugaya, Tadashi Nakagawa, Ming Li , X.-C. Zhang , “THz Radiation from a GaAa/AIAs Superlattice in a P-I-N Diode,” OSA Annual Meeting, Santa Clara , CA , Sept. 30, 1999 .

79.              G.C. Cho, M. Tani, J. Wegener, X.-C. Zhang , “Sub-THz Transmission Spectroscopy in Liquids Using a Stand-Alone Compact Unit,” LEOS’99 Annual Meeting, San Francisco , CA , Nov. 8-11, 1999 .

80.              Xu Guang Huang , Gianpaolo Carosi, Peter Persans , X.-C. Zhang ,  “Optical Characterization of Thin Dielectric Waveguides,” LEOS’99 Annual Meeting, San Francisco , CA , Nov. 8-11, 1999 .

81.              M. Tani, K.S. Lee, and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Wave Detection with LT-GaAs Photoconductive Antenna Using 1.55-µm Probe”, THz Electronics 99, Nara, Japan, November 26, 1999.

82.              N. Agarwal, X. G. Huang, P. D. Persans, X. C. Zhang, S. Murarka, S. Ponoth, “Properties and stability of polymer waveguide materials for CMOS-compatible optical interconnects,” MRS'99, Boston, Massachusetts, December 2, 1999.

83.              S. Ponoth, J. Plawsky, N. Agarwal, X. G. Huang, P. D. Persans, X. C. Zhang, “Deposition and Characterization of inorganic films for optical waveguide components,” MRS'99, Boston, Massachusetts, December 1, 1999.

84.              Masahiko Tani, Kwang-Su Lee, and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Wave Detection with LT-GaAs Photoconductive Antenna Using 1.55-m Probe,” Annual conference of Japan Society of Applied Physics, March 28, 2000 .

85.              Q. Chen, Zhiping Jiang , and X.-C. Zhang , “Electro-optic Based 2D THz Near-Field Imaging” CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

86.              R. McLaughlin, Q. Chen, A. Corchia, C.M. Ciesla, M.B. Johnston, D.D. Arnone, X.-C. Zhang , G.A.C. Jones, E. H. Linfield, A.G. Davies, and M. Pepper, “Enhanced Terahertz Emission in Narrow Bang Gap Semiconductors by the Application of a Magnetic Field,” CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

87.              Zhiping Jiang and X.-C. Zhang , “Improvement of THz Imaging,”  CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

88.              P. Y. Han, M. Tani, F. Pan and X-C. Zhang, “Characterization and Application of DAST at THz Frequency,” CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

89.              F.G. Sun, W. Ji, and X.-C. Zhang , “Two Photon Absorption Induced Saturation of THz Radiation in Zn Te,” CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

90.              Masahiko Tani, Kwang-Su Lee, and X.-C. Zhang , “Photoconductive Detection of THz Radiation Using Two-Step Photo-Absorption in LT-GaAs,” CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

91.              Ming Li , Gregg Sucha, Peng-Yu Han, Almantas Galvanauskas, Donald Harter, and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Generation and Detection Using 1550 nm Pulses from a Fiber Laser,” 2000 CLEO/QELS’2000, May 11, (2000).

92.              Ming Li , Jeffery Fortin, Jin Young Kim, Toh-Ming Lu , X.-C. Zhang , Glen Fox, Fan Chu and Tom Davenport, Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Thin Films using Goniometric Time Domain Spectroscopy,” 2000 International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology, (2000).

93.              Zhiping Jiang , Ming Li , Jeffery Fortin, X.-C. Zhang , Differential Time-Domain THz Spectroscopy for Dielectric Measurement of m-Thick Films,” 2000 Ultrafast Phenomena Conference, Charleston , South Carolina , July 10, (2000).

94.              Kwang-Su Lee, Jin Young Kim, Jeffrey Fortin, Zhiping Jiang , Ming Li , Toh Ming Lu, X.-C. Zhang , “Dielectric property measurement of sub micron thin film by differential time-domain spectroscopy,” MF30, Ultrafast Phenomena 2000, Charleston , SC , July 11, (2000).

95.              Q. Chen, Zhiping Jiang , M. Tani, and X.-C. Zhang , “Electro-Optic THz Transceiver” 2000 Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications, Aug. 7, Muri , Hawaii , (2000).

96.              Ming Li , Jeffery Fortin, Jin Young Kim, Toh-Ming Lu , X.-C. Zhang , Glen Fox, Fan Chu and Tom Davenport, Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Thin Films using Goniometric Time Domain Spectroscopy,” 2000 International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology, (2000).

97.              Q. Chen and X.-C. Zhang , “Terahertz Imaging with a Electro-Optic THz Transceiver” LEOS Annual Meeting, Puerto Rico , Nov. 16, (2000).

98.              Q. Chen and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Transceivers and Their Applications,” Th-S2-P002, International Photonic Conference 2000, Hsinchu , Taiwan , Dec. 14, (2000).

99.              Q. Chen, G. X. Xu, Z.P. Jiang, and X.-C. Zhang , “THz Imaging with A Dynamic Aperture,” UThA4, Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Lake Tahoe , NV , Jan. 11, (2001).

100.          M. Tani, S. Kono, P. Gu, K. Sakai, M. Usami, M. Shinn, J. F. G. Gubeli III, G. Neil, J. Xu, R. Kersting, and X.-C. Zhang , “Generation of THz Radiation by Excitation of InAs with a Femtosecond Free-Electron Laser,” UPDP1, Post deadline paper, Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Lake Tahoe, NV, Jan. 12 (2001).

101.          J. Xu, M. Tani, S. Kono, P. Gu, K. Sakai, M. Usami, M. Shinn, J. F. G. Gubeli III, G. Neil, R. Kersting, and X.-C. Zhang , “Generation of THz Radiation by Excitation of InAs with a Femtosecond Free-Electron Laser,” User Workshop, Jefferson Laboratory, VA, Jan. 18, (2001).

102.          M. Tani, S. Kono, P. Gu, K. Sakai, M. Usami, M. Shinn, Joseph F. G.Gubeli III, G. Neil, J. Xu, R. Kersting, and X.-C. Zhang , Generation of THz radiation by excitation of InAs with a femtosecond free-electron laser,” UPDP1, Post deadline paper, Ultrafast Electronics and Optics, Lake Tahoe, NV, Jan. 12, (2001).

103.          M. Tani, S. Kono, P. Gu, K. Sakai, M. Usami, M. Shinn, Joseph F. G.Gubeli III, G. Neil, J. Xu, R. Kersting, and