PSYC4720-01 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Spring Semester, 1999 – Dr. G.L. Kandel
Library Questions – Chapters 8, 9 and 12
QUIZ 2 – February 24, 1999
1. The chief disturbance in dissociative disorders is:A. neurological impairmentB. higher cognitive functions such as memoryC. lower brain functions such as movement
D. emotional expression
2. When psychological conflicts take on a physical manifestation, the result is what type of disorder?A. psychoticB. dissociativeC. somatoformD. anxiety
3. Somatoform disorders are those that involve:
A. physical symptoms with no physical cause
B. physical symptoms with an organic basis
C. psychological symptoms with an organic basis
D. psychological symptoms with no physical cause
4. Bob cannot remember past events. Barbara cannot see with her left eye. Neither have their problems because of neurological damage. Bob probably has a __?__ disorder; Barbara probably has ___?___.
A. somatoform; dissociative disorder
B. somatoform; somatoform disorder, too
C. dissociative; somatoform disorder
D. dissociative; dissociative disorder, too
5. Which of the following is not a dissociative disorder?A. dissociative identity disorderB. depersonalizationC. dissociative amnesiaD. hypochondriasis
6. Which of the following best supports the idea that forgotten material in dissociative amnesia is simply screened out of consciousness and not lost altogether?A. Forgotten memories can often be recovered under hypnosis.B. Most dissociative amnesias occur in childhood.
C. Most amnesias are of the generalized type.
D. Most memories forgotten occur before the precipitating stress.
7. A woman whose house burned down cannot remember anything from the time the fire trucks came until two days later. She would be diagnosed with what kind of amnesia?
A. selective
B. generalized
C. localized
D. systematized
8. A man takes his wife out to dinner for her birthday and informs her that he wants a divorce. She remembers nothing about that day except that they went out to dinner and they drove home. The wife may be suffering from what type of amnesia?
A. selective
B. generalized
C. continuous
D. localized
9. ____?____ amnesia is a rare form of the disorder in which a person forgets his or her complete past. Such a person does not know who they are or where they came from.
A. Localized
B. Generalized
C. Continuous
D. Selective
10. A woman is found wandering a city, unable to say who she is or where she came from. She is taken to a hospital where, over the course of two weeks, doctors discover that she is not retaining any memories of her current life. She is probably suffering from what type of amnesia?
A. selective
B. generalized
C. continuous
D. localized
11. Dissociative fugue can be thought of as a(n):A. "walking soul"B. "motionless person"C. "identity search"D. "travelling amnesia"
12. Two years after the civil war, a woman from Bosnia shows up at home after having disappeared mysteriously. She has no memory of her actions for the period of time she was away. It is later discovered that she had created a whole new identity, living and working in another town under a different name. This woman was possibly suffering from:
A. selective dissociative amnesia
B. dissociative fugue
C. conversion disorder
D. dissociative identity disorder
13. Which disorders are more likely to occur in wartime or after natural disasters?A. dissociative identity disorder and conversion disorder
B. dissociative fugue and dissociative amnesia
C. dissociative fugue and body dysmorphic disorder
D. dissociative amnesia and conversion disorder
14. Your normally mild-mannered girlfriend is spotted in a bar on a number of occasions, drunk and very boisterous. When she is in the bar, she does not recognize her real name and claims she is a different person. However, in her normal state, she has no memory of these activities. You suspect she is suffering from:
A. dissociative identity disorder
B. dissociative amnesia
C. conversion disorder
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
15. Which of the following is an accurate description of the personalities one often finds in dissociative identity disorder?A. When there are only two personalities, both tend to be aggressive.
B. Personalities will specialize in different areas of life such as job role or family life.
C. Males with the disorder have male personalities, females with the disorder have female personalities.
D. Surveys find an average of three subordinate personalities per patient.
16. Many children are severely abused yet only a minority develop dissociative identity disorder . One characteristic of those who develop the disorder is:
A. an ability to be hypnotized easily
B. experiencing the most severe level of abuse
C. lack of a support system
D. failure to get help until adulthood
17. One possible criterion for distinguishing true cases of dissociative identity from false cases is that true cases usually involve:
A. asymmetric amnesia
B. more than two personalities
C. organic brain disorders
D. obsessions and compulsions
18. An experiment by Loftus and Coan demonstrated that:A. false memories of traumatic events could be planted in an adolescent's mind
B. recollections of abuse were rarely, if ever, forgotten by children
C. therapists were unable to influence the memories of people suffering from dissociative identity disorder
D. recovered memories almost never stem from childhood abuse
19. A sense of strangeness or unreality in oneself is the central feature of which dissociate disorder?A. dissociative fugueB. dissociative identity disorderC. depersonalizationD. dissociative amnesia
20. Feeling that your body is strange or that you are functioning like a robot is the central feature of __?__; feeling that other people are robots and unreal is called ___?___.A. derealization; depersonalizationB. dèjé vu; jamais vu
C. depersonalization; derealization
D. depersonalization; fugue
21. According to the psychodynamic perspective, dissociative disorders are:A. problems related to brain chemical imbalancesB. defenses against anxietyC. learned methods of coping
D. memory retrieval failures
22. Lena is seeking help for dissociative identity disorder. She most likely will be treated with which type of therapy?A. behavioralB. drugC. cognitiveD. psychodynamic
23. Which perspective emphasizes the idea of dissociative disorders being caused by learned methods of coping with stress?
A. cognitive
B. behavioral
C. psychodynamic
D. biological
24. Both behavioral and psychodynamic theorists see dissociative disorders as:
A. the product of social reinforcement
B. means to escape stressful events
C. unconscious defenses
D. brain dysfunctions
25. Cognitive theorists view dissociative disorders as:A. defenses against anxietyB. symptoms of brain dysfunction
C. learned methods of coping
D. memory retrieval failures
26. Both behavioral and sociocultural theorists see dissociative disorders as:A. the product of social reinforcementB. memory retrieval failuresC. unconscious defensesD. brain dysfunctions
27. Which of the following is not a cognitive theory proposed to explain dissociative disorders?A. state-dependent memoryB. control elementsC. derealizationD. self-reference
28. In the opinion of neuroscience researchers, some dissociative disorders may be:
A. defenses against anxiety
B. brain dysfunctions
C. learned methods of coping
D. memory retrieval failures
29. Somatoform disorders have as their central feature:A. physical impairments for which there is an organic cause
B. loss of cognitive functioning due to psychological stress
C. physical discomfort or incapacity due to psychological conflicts
D. complaints about physical problems that are conscious attempts at gaining attention
30. Which of the following is not a somatoform disorder?A. body dysmorphic disorderB. conversionC. obsessive-compulsive disorderD. hypochondriasis
31. Irene constantly looks in the mirror at her skin and worries about her wrinkles. She is miserable about her appearance and tries many ways to cover her wrinkles. She is reassured by many people that her skin is not wrinkled, but this fails to stop her preoccupation. Irene is probably suffering from the somatoform disorder called:
A. hypochondriasis
B. conversion disorder
C. somatization disorder
D. body dysmorphic disorder
32. People with body dysmorphic disorder cannot stop thinking about their appearance and constantly check the mirror even though they do not want to. These symptoms make it a disorder that probably overlaps with:
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder
B. dissociative fugue
C. posttraumatic stress disorder
D. social phobia
33. Gregory has a tightness in his chest which he is sure is a sign of heart disease. Despite many trips to different physicians and a battery of hospital tests which show he is in perfect health, he is still certain he has heart disease. Gregory is probably suffering from:
A. phobic disorder
B. somatization disorder
C. hypochondriasis
D. hysteria conversion reaction
34. An important factor in explaining why some people become hypochondriacs is:A. that they have never experienced illness nor seen a relative be seriously illB. early childhood sexual and physical abuse
C. a tendency for their mothers to require a high level of independence
D. experiencing a serious illness themselves or witnessing this in a close relative
35. One of the gender differences between somatization disorder and hypochondriasis is that:
A. hypochondriasis is more common in men
B. hypochondriasis is more common in women
C. somatization disorder is more common in men
D. somatization disorder is more common in women
36. Like patients with multiple personalities, somatization patients:
A. are not easily hypnotized and more likely to be men
B. often "doctor shop"and are upper class
C. tend to report histories of sexual abuse and are easily hypnotized
D. suffer from real physical maladies and have advanced educational degrees
37. A man becomes paralyzed from the waist down. However, a thorough medical examination reveals that his nervous system is intact, without physical damage or dysfunction. The man is probably suffering from a ___?___ disorder.
A. schizophrenic
B. generalized anxiety
C. somatization
D. conversion
38. Conversion disorders are different from hypochondriasis and somatization disorders because, in conversion disorders:A. the diagnosis is given only if obsessions and compulsions are present
B. there is an actual physical disability
C. patients show intense distress at their symptoms
D. there are no psychological conflicts
39. The illness previously known as "hysteria" is presently called ___?___ disorder.
A. somatization
B. body dysmorphic
C. generalized anxiety
D. conversion
40. A conversion disorder symptom blocks an individual's awareness of internal conflict. This is called the ___?___ of the symptom.A. primary gainB. belle indifférence
C. secondary gain
D. control element
41. A conversion disorder sufferer feels excused from responsibility and attracts sympathy and attention. This is called the ___?___ of the symptom.A. primary gainB. conversionC. control element
D. secondary gain
42. "La belle indifférence" refers to the fact that about one-third of conversion disorder patients:A. do not seem bothered by their symptomsB. have more than one physical disabilityC. do not injure themselves despite their impairment
D. are actually malingering
43. An army recruit about to be sent into combat suddenly reports he has become blind in one eye. While being examined, he is cautious, defensive, and reluctant to talk about his symptoms. It is likely that he is:
A. a hypochondriac
B. suffering from a conversion disorder
C. phobic
D. malingering
44. All of the following are signs of conversion disorder except:A. selective symptomsB. la belle indiffŽrenceC. extreme anxiety caused by the appearance of the symptom
D. rapid appearance of symptoms
45. Follow-up studies by Whitlock (1967) and Gould, et al. (1986) involving patients diagnosed with conversion disorder indicate that:A. many patients are later found to have a medical condition
B. most patients lose their symptoms without the need for treatment
C. the conversion symptom tends to change over time
D. the disorder leads to severe problems such as schizophrenia
46. Which statement about conversion disorder is accurate?
A. Conversion symptoms are so rare, a physician is unlikely to see them in a general medical practice.
B. The wealthier the community, the higher the likelihood of seeing conversion disorder.
C. Rural, poor communities are where the more bizarre conversion symptoms are likely to be reported.
D. Conversion symptoms such as glove anesthesia and paralysis are much more common today than in Freud's time.
47. In Freud's view, somatoform disorders were:A. defenses against the anxiety produced by unacceptable wishes
B. the only psychological disorders with a conscious component
C. disorders of perception and thinking
D. the inappropriate adoption of the sick role
48. Because psychodynamic theorists see in somatoform disorders the person becoming dependent and needy like a child, they believe anxiety is relieved through the defense mechanism called:
A. reaction formation
B. intellectualization
C. regression
D. projection
49. Behavioral and sociocultural theorists see somatoform disorders as:
A. the inappropriate adoption of the "sick role"
B. the only psychological disorders with a conscious component
C. the use of regression to protect against anxiety caused by unacceptable impulses
D. disorders of perception and thinking
50. The fact that somatoform patients are likely to have had childhood histories of attention and sympathy during illness lends support to the ___?____ perspective.A. psychodynamicB. behavioral
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience
51. Cognitive theorists believe that somatoform disorders are:A. defenses against the anxiety produced by unacceptable wishesB. the only psychological disorders with a conscious componentC. the inappropriate adoption of the sick role
D. disorders of perception and thinking
52. Neuroscience research on conversion disorder indicates that:A. the symptoms are consciously controlledB. there is excessive inhibitory action in brain areas that respond to sensory signals
C. sensory signals are not making it to the brain
D. the left hemisphere of the brain is malfunctioning in most cases
53. In the past, a limited number of illnesses were seen as being influenced by emotional factors including stress. They were considered:
A. conversion disorders
B. somatoform disorders
C. psychophysiological disorders
D. psychopathological illnesses
54. The study of the relationship between physical stress and the immune system is called:A. psychoneuroimmunology
B. the mind-body problem
C. immuno-psychopathology
D. behavioral medicine
55. The original thinking about the mind and body as separate entities is often attributed to:A. DarwinB. DescartesC. PlatoD. Hippocrates
56. In the DSM-IV, which illnesses are considered potentially psychophysiological?A. no illnesses are considered influenced by the mindB. a few which are considered psychophysiological disordersC. a large group that are considered forms of psychoneuropathology
D. all illnesses
57. Adjusting internal body functions to meet environmental demands is the job of the:A. endocrine systemB. central nervous systemC. autonomic nervous systemD. parasympathetic nervous system
58. Walking down a dark street in a bad part of town, you think you are being followed. Your heart rate increases and you begin to sweat. Which part of your autonomic nervous system is activated?A. sympatheticB. somaticC. parasympathetic
D. immune
59. Walking down a dark street in a bad part of town, you feel you are being followed. Your anxiety turns to relief when you turn around and see it is your best friend. The __?__ division of your autonomic nervous system returns your body to a relaxed state.
A. central
B. somatic
C. parasympathetic
D. sympathetic
60. According to Cannon, regardless of the nature of stress or the person,:A. the immune system continues to function at its maximum stateB. the parasympathetic nervous system generates the same level of arousal
C. the physiological response is the same generalized sympathetic arousal
D. the immune system deteriorates when there is sufficient parasympathetic arousal
61. Nancy recently lost her job and she realizes that she may not be able to pay her bills. According to Hans Selye's "general adaptation syndrome," her body's first reaction to stress will be:
A. alarm and mobilization
B. habituation
C. resistance
D. exhaustion and disintegration
62. "Stress" has been defined in three ways. Which of the following accurately lists those definitions?A. attitude, personality style, physiological reactionB. stimulus, response, interaction between stimulus and appraisalC. behavior pattern; physiological reaction, disorder
D. minor events, major events, appraisal
63. ____?____ is the principle that explains why anger produces a different physiological profile of arousal than anxiety or despair.A. Stimulus specificity
B. Individual response specificity
C. General adaptation syndrome
D. The stress-appraisal hypothesis
64. Jaimie has been told she will need to take extra courses in order to graduate. To predict the kind of physiological reaction Jaimie will experience, we would need to know:
A. whether it was a short-term or long-term stress
B. Jaimie's characteristic pattern of response
C. both a and b
D. neither a nor b
65. Cindy and Karen were both laid off at work unexpectedly. Cindy soon developed high blood pressure, while Karen developed an ulcer. The fact that they developed different disorders in response to the same stress illustrates:
A. individual response specificity
B. stimulus specificity
C. cognitive appraisal
D. general adaptation syndrome
66. A ten-month-old baby cries intensely when its mother leaves the room. It cries much more than other babies its age. Later, at age 3, it becomes a rather shy toddler. Brain research suggests that this child:A. has hemispheric asymmetry
B. will show little EEG activity in the frontal lobes
C. has perfect hemispheric symmetry
D. will have excessive temporal lobe activity on the left hemisphere
67. Which statement below is true about sudden cardiac death (SCD)?
A. Although it is fatal, this syndrome is extremely rare.
B. In a majority of cases, it is due to irregular contractions related to long-term psychological stress.
C. It is primarily due to a blockage of the heart@s arteries caused by high cholesterol diet and lack of exercise.
D. It is a form of heart disease that is unrelated to emotional experience.
68. Acute stressors induced in the laboratory such as solving difficult arithmetic problems or giving a speech are related to which heart disease problem?
A. constriction of the coronary arteries
B. the Type A pattern of heart disease
C. sudden cardiac death
D. none: acute stressors do not affect heart function
69. According to Schwartz's disregulation model, stress-related illness occurs when:
A. stress is unexpected
B. we misperceive the nature of the stressful event
C. negative feedback is disrupted
D. there is too little social support
70. Stress alters our behavior patterns. Which of the following is a beneficial effect?
A. People stop taking prescribed medications
B. People are more likely to call the doctor
C. People are more likely to overeat
D. People are less likely to sleep for long periods
71. The body's system of defense against infectious disease and cancer is called the:
A. immune system
B. negative feedback loop
C. baroreceptors
D. mitogen system
72. If the immune system is like a military organization, the job of the radar operators, who differentiate hostile and friendly intruders, would be performed by:
A. the mitogens
B. the antibodies
C. the lymphocytes
D. the viruses
73. Which statement about the immune system is true?A. For all the viruses and bacteria that can invade the body, there is one particle---the antibody.
B. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that identify foreign substances and either attack them or produce proteins that can.
C. Antibodies are the foreign particles that the lymphocytes attack by using viruses and bacteria.
D. Only after a bacterium or virus is identified in the body does the immune system begin making particles that can patrol the body and attack invaders.
74. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) research is usually done by:A. examining people with AIDSB. exposing subjects' blood samples to compounds that mimic foreign substances
C. altering the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brains of subjects
D. using the immune system as an independent variable and measuring stress afterward
75. Research shows that stress' effect on the herpes virus is to:
A. wipe it out
B. produce it
C. change it into cancer cells
D. reduce our defenses against it
76. The most common and most dangerous of the serious stress-related physical disorders is:
A. migraine
B. asthma
C. hypertension
D. ulcers
77. Henry's blood vessels constrict more than they should but doctors can find no specific organic cause for this. We can say that Henry suffers from:A. essential hypertensionB. sudden cardiac death
C. fibrillation
D. constriction disorder
78. Essential hypertension often goes untreated for years because:A. it reduces the effectiveness of the immune systemB. it is such a stigmatizing disorder that people do not want to admit they have it
C. many hypertensives are unaware that they have it
D. effective treatment requires long-term psychotherapy
79. Laura has intense headaches associated with vomiting and nausea. Before a headache she sees flashing lights. The pain is all over her head and can last for many hours. Laura is diagnosed as having migraine headaches. What about Laura's case is unusual?
A. It is unusual for a woman to have migraine headaches.
B. It is unusual for migraine headaches to involve vomiting and nausea.
C. It is unusual for there to be flashing lights before the headache occurs.
D. It is unusual for the pain to be all over the head.
80. The cause of migraine headache is now believed to be:A. neurological with involvement of the neurotransmitter serotonin
B. an immune function deficiency involving the herpes virus
C. a stress-related eating disorder involving high salt intake
D. excessive constriction of the blood vessels of the head and scalp
81. The incidence of migraine headaches is about twice as high in:
A. men as it is in women
B. women as it is in men
C. blacks as it is in whites
D. whites as it is in blacks
82. Brian is experiencing a muscle-tension headache today. The odds are good that:
A. he has a Type A personality pattern
B. he experienced a great deal of stress three or four days ago
C. he is experiencing stress today, too
D. he has a strong family history of migraine headaches
83. Imagine you read in a magazine that 95 percent of all diets fail. Why should you be cautious about such a statement?
A. It is based on research that is still very new.
B. It is based on research using heavier and more psychologically disturbed people than in the general overweight population .
C. Most diets involve severe psychological reactions and adverse physiological reactions.
D. Dieting usually leads to anorexia or bulimia.
84. Which of the following most accurately states the relationship between psychological stress and asthma?
A. Asthma is biogenic in origin; stress is unrelated to it.
B. Research indicates that stress is a primary cause of asthma in most cases.
C. While stress might not be a primary cause of asthma, it often triggers attacks.
D. Systematic research has failed to show that stress is a primary cause of asthma; however, the disorder itself may lead to psychological problems.
85. Chris is experiencing chronic inability to sleep, which leaves him tired, irritable, and unable to concentrate. Chris would be diagnosed as suffering from:
A. migraines
B. insomnia
C. hypertension
D. asthma
86. Sleep-state misperception involves:A. an inability to wake up when you need toB. feeling that you are asleep when the EEG says you aren@t
C. waking up at 3 o'clock in the morning and not being able to get back to sleep
D. worrying about getting to sleep so much that you develop insomnia
87. A psychologist tells a client, "Hold off going to sleep an hour later each night until you get to the desired bedtime." For which disorder is this most likely being suggested?
A. circadian rhythm disorder
B. insomnia
C. sleep-state misperception
D. asthma
88. Which statement about cancer is accurate?A. Although cancer is the number-one killer in the United States, the death rate due to cancer has decreased in recent years.
B. Cancer is one of the only physical disorders for which psychological stress plays no role.
C. Cancer accounts for one-quarter of the deaths in the United States, and the death rate due to cancer has risen 20 percent in the past 30 years.
D. Although cancer may be caused by psychological stress and personality problems, psychological factors have no place in its treatment.
89. The discovery that heart rate and blood pressure could be modified through operant conditioning suggested that:
A. the cause of physical disorders was probably genetic
B. medical treatment of physical disorders was probably useless
C. voluntary control played no role in the development of physical disorders
D. existing disorders could be relieved through voluntary control
90. The behavioral perspective sees disregulation as:A. an organ neurosis
B. a conditioned response
C. the result of a personality trait
D. genetically influenced
91. Mary suffers from migraine headaches. She is undergoing treatment that teaches her to raise the temperature in her hands. This type of therapy is called:
A. psychoanalysis
B. biofeedback
C. disregulation
D. negative feedback
92. A person with insomnia is taught to contract muscles in an area of the body and then release them. With practice the person can achieve relaxation quickly. This procedure:
A. is called biofeedback
B. should not be used in the treatment of insomnia
C. is called progressive relaxation
D. tends to reduce immune functioning
93. According to the cognitive perspective, two variables important in stress reactions are:
A. predictability and emotional restraint
B. predictability and control
C. mental imagery and control
D. emotional restraint and mental imagery
94. According to the text, which school of psychological theory is credited with the discovery that physical illness may be due to psychological difficulties?
A. behavioral
B. psychodynamic
C. humanistic
D. cognitive
95. A woman with cancer receives chemotherapy. One of the side effects is reduced immune function. The woman's therapist advises her to write and speak about her painful feelings of desperation and anger. The therapist is suggesting:
A. assertiveness training
B. primary and secondary appraisal
C. an effective method called catharsis
D. an ineffective mix of biofeedback and psychoanalysis
96. The ___?____ perspective places greatest emphasis on catharsis as a way of reducing psychological stress.
A. sociocultural
B. behavioral
C. psychodynamic
D. cognitive
97. Psychodynamic theorists point out that migraine, hypertension, and asthma are all disorders that run in families. Their explanation for this would emphasize:
A. modeling and reinforcement
B. stressful emotional interactions
C. genetic transmission
D. the sick role in the family
98. Catherine is an aggressive achiever. She talks, walks, and eats fast, is very impatient if forced to wait in line, and holds very high standards for her own performance. Catherine would be described as possessing what type of personality?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. migraine
D. hysterical
99. Arthur is described by a coworker as having a Type B personality. The characteristics that would best describe him are:
A. aggressive and achieving
B. hostile and passive
C. passive-aggressive
D. relaxed and patient
100. Which of the following personality traits has research shown to be correlated with heart disease ?
A. hostility
B. extreme competitiveness
C. hyperactivity
D. self-esteem
101. The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the effects of __?__ on physical disorder.
A. personality
B. interpersonal support
C. cognitive appraisal
D. family conflict
102. Recent genetic research indicates which of the following?
A. MZ and DZ twins show different levels of concordance for emotional reactivity.
B. Although there is a genetic risk for cancer, there is none for hypertension.
C. Type A personalities generally have Type B parents.
D. There are few, if any, physical disorders that have a genetic component.
103. Alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine are all:
A. legal drugs
B. psychoactive drugs
C. central nervous system stimulants
D. non-addicting drugs
104. Use of a psychoactive drug is redefined as "abuse" when:
A. use of the drug produces a sensation of pleasure
B. a person experiences tolerance
C. use of and recovery from the drug controls a person's life
D. drug use erodes social and occupational functioning
105. As "tolerance" to a drug develops, the individual:
A. needs more substance to get "high"
B. needs less substance to get "high"
C. may appear more severely intoxicated than is actually the case
D. may appear psychologically disturbed when the substance is withdrawn
106. Which of the following terms is currently used in the DSM-IV?
A. addiction
B. psychological dependence
C. substance dependence
D. psychological drug effects
107. Withdrawal symptoms refer to the:
A. psychological and physiological disturbances that directly result from drug use
B. craving an individual has for a drug and need to sneak its use
C. habituation to a drug that results in the need for increased dosage of the drug
D. psychological and physical disturbances brought on by the absence of a drug in the body
108. Alcohol is the:
A. most widely used of all the psychoactive drugs
B. psychoactive drug that contributes most to premature death in the United States
C. drug that is virtually unknown outside of the United States
D. none of the above answers is correct
problem?
A. about 750, 000 million
B. about 3 million
C. about 13 million
D. about 30 million
110. Alcohol is used to help people relax and release their inhibitions. This is due to the fact that alcohol:
A. depresses parts of the higher brain centers
B. is a stimulant
C. is a tranquilizer like Valium
D. speeds transmission of neural impulses to the "emotion" centers of the brain
111. Which of the following correctly describes how alcohol dependence may lead to malnutrition?
A. Drinking alcohol creates sensations of hunger that can be satisfied only by eating foods of little nutritional value.
B. Alcohol is of some nutritional value, but it interferes with the maintenance of a balanced diet.
C. Alcohol causes liver disease which destroys the body's ability to absorb nutrients.
D. Alcohol is very high in calories but has no known nutrients.
experience trembling, heavy perspiration, disorientation, and frightening delusions. Andy is suffering from:
A. delirium tremens
B. Korsakoff's psychosis
C. pathological addiction
D. a common reaction associated with alcohol withdrawal
drunk. This is a symptom considered:
A. a "blackout"
B. a significant warning sign of alcohol dependence
C. a delayed effect of delirium tremens
D. a memory problem similar to Korsakoff's psychosis
likely to:
A. come to treatment facilities with longer drinking histories than men
B. drink in public places while men are more likely to drink alone
C. combine alcohol with other drugs than are men
115. One psychodynamic perspective on substance dependence is that the drug "medicates":
A. strong feelings of power
B. fixated anal conflicts
C. a self-handicapping strategy
D. self-loathing and guilt
therapist's approach reflects which of the following perspectives on alcohol abuse?
A. sociocultural
B. behavioral
C. psychodynamic
D. cognitive
116. For David McClelland and colleagues, the key factor in alcohol dependence is:
A. power
B. tension
C. dependency
D. illogic
117. According to the text, current behavioral theories explain alcohol dependence in terms of:
A. negative reinforcement
B. positive reinforcement associated with neurotransmitter changes
C. self-handicapping strategies to avoid personal responsibility
D. modeling parental behavior
118. Current behavioral treatment programs for alcoholism put emphasis on:
A. aversion conditioning that pairs alcohol with nausea
B. both ways of avoiding drinking and coping with stress
C. reducing unrealistic expectations for what alcohol can provide
D. improving self-awareness of guilt and power issues
drinking), and the most common method employed was:
A. modeling
B. aversive conditioning
C. systematic desensitization
D. contingent reinforcement
120. Which of the following is not a cognitive perspective on alcohol abuse?
A. self-handicapping model
B. expectancy theory
C. dependency-needs theory
D. self-awareness model
121. Which cognitive theory proposes that alcohol is reinforcing in its power to disrupt information?
A. self-handicapping model
B. expectancy theory
C. opponent-process theory
D. self-awareness model
and allows him to be aggressive. Steve's behavior and thinking best illustrate:
A. McClelland's ideas about power motivation
B. psychoanalytic thinking about guilt, shame, and need dependency
C. the concept of positive alcohol expectancies
D. Hull's self-awareness model
123. Which statement about changes in alcohol use by women is accurate?
A. Men have been and still are far more likely to abuse alcohol than women.
B. As women have entered high-pressured jobs, their rate of alcohol abuse has gone down.
C. In recent years, the rate of alcohol abuse in women has gone above that for men.
drinking secret.
124. According to research findings, which of the following people is likely to have the least chance of drinking problems?
A. Warren, a wealthy white man
B. Ezra, a poor African-American man
C. Carrie, an older African-American woman
D. Paulo, a poor Italian-American man
why some people to succumb to peer pressure and others do not.
A. psychodynamic
B. behavioral
C. biological
D. sociocultural
alcohol use and abuse is by knowing:
A. attitudes young people have about the acceptability of alcohol abuse
B. the emotional strength of the user
C. the individual's genetic background
D. the amount of factual information young people have about alcohol
Paul's chances of becoming alcohol dependent are:
A. about 50-50.
B. less likely if his twin were fraternal
C. about the same as if his twin were fraternal
D. almost 100 percent
128. Grant is what some researchers would call a Type 1 alcohol dependent. It is likely that Grant:
A. is impulsive and aggressive
B. has suffered severe environmental stress
C. has a mother who is also an alcohol dependent
D. began drinking heavily as an adolescent
129. Malcolm is what some researchers would call a Type 2 alcohol dependent. It is likely that Malcolm:
A. has suffered from child abuse and a neglectful mother
B. began drinking heavily in adolescence
C. is a shy, quiet-living person
D. has only a weak genetic vulnerability coupled with severe environmental stress
130. If alcohol dependence is genetically influenced, what genetic abnormality would predispose a person to such dependence?
A. increased alpha-wave enhancement during drinking
B. reduced tension reduction when drinking
C. facial flushing at very low doses of alcohol
D. reduced ability to derive reinforcement from alcohol
metabolic processing of alcohol. If he drinks within 2 days of taking the drug, he will experience flushing, increased heart rate, and nausea. The name of this drug is:
A. Dilantin
B. Valium
C. Librium
D. Antabuse
fight alcohol dependence is to abstain from drinking completely. She also feels that alcoholics need support from ex-drinkers to maintain sobriety. Her beliefs are closest to which perspective?
A. behavioral
B. cognitive restructuring
C. Alcoholics Anonymous
D. psychodynamic
substance psychologically, but it has widespread and deadly effects on health. What is "it?"
A. caffeine
B. alcohol
C. marijuana
D. nicotine
134. When it comes to explaining cigarette smoking, psychodynamic theorists stress __?__ while behaviorists stress __?__.
A. oral fixation; reinforcement
B. sexuality; imitation
C. habit learning; avoidance of withdrawal
D. self-handicapping; reinforcement
135. A depressant does all of the following except:
A. produce hallucinations
B. reduce pain and tension
C. decrease intellectual activity
D. decrease motor activity
136. All of the following substances are related to opium except:
A. heroin
B. methadone
C. morphine
D. barbiturates
137. All of the following are characteristic symptoms of withdrawal from heroin except:
A. hot and cold flashes
B. shaking and seizures
C. watering eyes
D. diarrhea and vomiting
138. When barbiturates and alcohol are taken together, their combined impact is multiplied in what is called a(n) __?__ effect.
A. synergistic
B. tolerance
C. depressant
D. withdrawal
139. Which drug type is most like alcohol in terms of its effects and withdrawal pattern?
A. opiates like heroin and morphine
B. barbiturates like Seconal and Nembutal
C. stimulants like cocaine and amphetamine
D. hallucinogens like marijuana and hashish
140. Tranquilizers are prescribed for all of the following except:
A. anxiety disorders
B. stress-related physical disorders
C. depression
D. insomnia
141. Which drug is not considered a stimulant?
A. LSD
B. crack
C. caffeine
D. amphetamine
likely using?
A. amphetamines
B. narcotics
C. cocaine
D. barbiturates
143. All of the following are characteristic of cocaine intoxication except:
A. agitation
B. impulsive sexual behavior
C. transient periods of paranoia
D. slurred speech
144. According to the DSM-IV, caffeine use:
A. causes both tolerance and withdrawal
B. in excess of three cups of coffee can cause intoxication
C. in excess of three cups of coffee has depressant effects
D. can produce a pattern of withdrawal but not one of intoxication
145. Drugs that act on the central nervous system and produce distortions in sensory perception are known as:
A. opiates
B. barbiturates
C. hallucinogens
D. stimulants
146. LSD and PCP are classified as which type of drug?
A. hallucinogen
B. stimulant
C. narcotic
D. depressant
frightened, she later realized that this incident was a "flashback" of a drug experience. Wesley took a different drug in 1976 that left him paralyzed because, paranoid and hallucinating during the time he was intoxicated, he jumped out of third-story window. It is likely that Kristin took the drug called __?__; Wesley probably took the drug called __?__.
A. hashish; marijuana
B. LSD; heroin
C. LSD; PCP
D. PCP; marijuana
148. The most popular illicit drug in the United States is:
A. LSD
B. cocaine
C. marijuana
D. crack
149. The active ingredient in marijuana is __?__ which most researchers agree is:
A. THC; physiologically addicting
B. a nonbarbiturate sedative; non-habit-forming
C. PCP; a form of hallucinogen
D. THC; not physiologically addicting
150. Endorphins are:
A. a type of stimulant
B. a class of opiate antagonist
C. capable of inducing hallucinations like LSD
D. opiate-like substances produced in the brain
neurotransmitter?
A. norepinephrine
B. GABA
C. dopamine
D. serotonin
152. What is Synanon?
A. a barbiturate
B. a drug used for aversive conditioning
C. a therapeutic residential community for drug addicts that served as a model for other programs
D. a behaviorally-based treatment program for drug abuse
153. Which class of drugs has been used by athletes to increase their weight and musculature?
A. anabolic steroids
B. non-barbiturate sedatives
C. amphetamines
D. endorphins
154. The presence or absence of social support is one of the __?__ determinants of relapse.
A. individual
B. intrapersonal
C. physiological
D. environmental