Preparing Presentations

Define your task Know the audience Structure information
Frame presentation
Select visuals
Practice your speech

Select Visuals


Since most people rely heavily upon visual information cues, you can assist your audience by incorporating visual aids into your presentation. These help you to emphasize key points your audience will understand and remember. Choose these sparingly, otherwise they could become distracting.

Identify the purpose of your visual aid

  • to clarify a key point
  • to provide an illustrative example
  • to model
  • to summarize
  • to entertain while informing

Select types of visual aids well matched to the needs of your audience with respect to specific portions of your presentation.

  • table - good for presenting groups of detailed facts
  • bar graph - can represent numerical qualities
  • line graph - shows how one quantify changes as a function of change in another quantity
  • pie graph - effective for depicting the composition of a whole
  • diagram - similar to a drawing but relies upon symbols
  • flow chart - means of representing successions of events
  • organizational chart - usually depicts hierarchical arrangement

Select presentation vehicles (and make sure they're working) based upon the audience's seating arrangement.

  • overhead
  • easel or chalkboard
  • hand-out
  • slides
  • model
  • computer screen

Critique your visual aid from the perspective of the audience's needs.

  • Is it large enough to be easily seen or is it too small and detailed?
  • Is the contrast/color effective or distracting?
  • Does it clarify a difficult concept or introduce confusion?
  • Is the visual aid necessary or superfluous?