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Features: April 29, 2002

We Have Ignition!
Carbon Nanotubes Ignite When Exposed to Flash

   

 

 

 

 

Researchers at Rensselaer have discovered a surprising new property of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN). When exposed to a conventional photographic flash, the nanotubes emit a loud pop and then ignite.

 

Chicken-Wire Experiment Leads to Eureka Moment

Andres de la Guardia was a freshman when he discovered the pop and burning of the nanotubes, but the experience is one he will remember forever. "It's something I'll be able to tell my children and my grandchildren," he said.

"I was just in the right place at the right time," de la Guardia admitted. "I wasn't even a materials sciences major, but I was interested in carbon nanotubes and was asked to join the research team," he explained. The day of the discovery, de la Guardia was in the lab doing an experiment to increase the yield of nanotubes using chicken-wire mesh to trap the nanotubes. He was taking pictures of that mesh when he heard the popping.

"I'm glad I had the foresight to bring my observations to Prof. Ajayan's attention," he added. De la Guardia's interest in carbon nanotubes led to an Undergraduate Research Project, which gives undergraduates hands-on, real-world research experience. Photo essay

This discovery, reported in the April 26 issue of the journal Science, could mean that SWCN might be used in light sensors or to remotely trigger explosives and combustion reactions, although researchers say that more testing needs to be done to realize these possibilities.

Pulickel Ajayan, associate professor, and Ganapathiraman Ramanath, assistant professor, both of materials science, explain that the loud popping sound heard after the flash is actually a well-known phenomenon, called the photo acoustic effect. It occurs when porous black objects, such as nanotubes, absorb a large amount of light, which results in the expansion and contraction of the gas surrounding them, releasing sound.

What surprised the researchers was the fact that the nanotubes then spontaneously ignited.

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"The single-walled carbon nanotube samples in this situation were just a jumble of tubes. They were not laid out in any pattern, and because of that, the heat generated from the flash could not dissipate, so the nanotubes just burned," explained Ajayan.

The discovery was initially noted by Andres de la Guardia when he took flash photographs of the nanotubes. De la Guardia, currently a graduate student in operations research and statistics at Rensselaer, was a first-semester freshman at the time of the discovery.

Since the discovery, the researchers have found that while the tubes burned only when oxygen is present, their atomic structure was altered even in inert gas environments.

"From an applications perspective, our work opens up exciting possibilities of using low-power light sources to create new forms of nanomaterials, and will serve as a starting point for developing nanotube-based actuators and sensors that rely on remote activation and triggering," said Ramanath.

The research is a collaborative effort between Rensselaer, a French group headed by T.W. Ebbesen, and researchers in Mexico and Germany.

 

 
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