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Any wire that carries a current will have a magnetic
field created around it. For a long straight wire, the
field encircles the wire.
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If a second wire is next to this wire --- in the magnetic
field of the first wire --- and it carries a current,
there will be a force on the second wire proportional
to the current it carries and the strength of the magnetic
field of the first wire.
Force on wire 2 = (current in wire 2)(Length of wire
2) x (Magnetic field of wire 1)
Force on wire 1 = (current in wire 1)(Length of wire
1) x (Magnetic field of wire 2)
As a cross product, the direction of the forces will
be such that the wires are ATTRACTED to each other if
the currents are in the same direction and REPELLED
if the currents are in opposite directions.
You can remember this from a demonstration with a coiled
loop of aluminum wire . When a current of 30 A is passed
through the wire, the coil contracts and jumps up. When
the coil leaves the puddle of mercury at the bottom,
the current is cut, the magnetic fields disappear and
the coil relaxes. Then it touches the mercury, current
flows again and the coil contracts and jumps.
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