Gender-Fair Language


Concern about the use of sexist language is part of our increased awareness that the perceived meanings of some words have changed in response to the changing roles of men and women in our society. For example, girl once meant a young person of either sex, while youth indicated only a young man. Now, girl applies only to young female persons, while youth can refer to young persons of either sex.

Just as you would not use girl with its outdated meaning, you should not use other words connoting gender that do not accurately represent the people behind them.


Below are examples of 2 common problems, with suggestions for possible solutions.

Problem: By using man as a generic noun to represent groups that include women, the writer misrepresents the species as male.

Solution 1: Use human, person, mortal, and their variations: humankind, humanity, human beings, human race, people. Example

Solution 2: Use a more descriptive or inclusive compound word: workmen's, workers'; man-sized sizable, adult-sized; chairman or chairwoman, chair or chairperson. Example

Problem: Use of he, his, or him as a generic pronoun when the referent's gender is unknown or irrelevant, misrepresents the species as male.

Solution 1: Write the sentence without pronouns. Try to avoid conditional structures, generally introduced by if or when, which often require the use of pronouns. Example

Solution 2: Use gender-specific pronouns only to identify a specific gender or a specific person. Example

Solution 3: Use plural nouns and pronouns if they do not change the meaning of the sentence. Example

Solution 4: Use a first- or second-person perspective. Example



The following solutions produce language less fluent than Solutions 1 through 4--but sometimes may prove necessary.

Solution 5: Use a double pronoun, i.e. s/he, he or she, he/she, him and her. Example

Solution 6: Use an article instead of a possessive pronoun as a modifier. Example

Solution 7: Sparingly use the passive voice. Example

With practice, you will use gender-fair constructions more readily and with less revision. For more information on sexism in language and how to avoid or revise it, please see the
following bibliography.

From material prepared by

Jenny R. Redfern
The Writing Center
4508 Sage Laboratory
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute