Currently, the most widely used methods of disinfection in the world are chlorination and ozonation. These processes have proven themselves to be very effective for treating public drinking water systems, however each has its own unique set of disadvantages. When choosing a system it is important that the benefits as well as the drawbacks be taken into account.
While these disinfection processes are effective against most common water borne bacteria, their general effectiveness in removing several viruses and parasitic pathogens is questionable. It is becoming increasingly important ,due to the growing concern over microorganisms such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, to develop new disinfection techniques to solve this problem.
This as well as efforts to reduce the creation of toxic byproducts and odor and taste control problems should be the primary focus in the development of newer and more effective technologies.