Interactive Quiz on
Protein Degradation
Reading:
Textbook Reading: Voet & Voet, Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, p. 515-528, 1352-1365.
Some recent articles
(optional reading):
A. Glading, D. A. Lauffenburger & A. Wells (2002) "Cutting to the chase: calpain
proteases in cell motility," Trends in Cell Biol. 12: 46-54.
E. N. Shiozaki & Y. Shi (2004) "Caspases, IAPs and Smac/DIABLO: mechanisms from
structural biology," Trends in Biochem. Sci. 39: 486-494.
H. Hölzl, B. Kapelari, J. Kellermann, E.
Seemüller, M. Sümegi,
A. Udvardy, O. Medalia, J. Sperling, S. A Müller,
A. Engel & W. Baumeister (2000) "The regulatory complex of Drosophila
melanogaster 26S proteasomes: subunit composition and localization of a
deubiquitylating enzyme," J. Cell Biol. 150: 119-129.
F. G. Whitby, E. I. Masters, L. Kramer, J. R. Knowlton, Y. Yao, C. C. Wang &
C. P. Hill (2000) "Structural basis for the activation of 20S proteasomes
by 11S regulators," Nature 408: 115-120.
F. Kopp, B. Dahlmann & L. Kuehn (2001) "Reconstitution of hybrid proteasomes
from purified PA700-20S complexes and PA28ab
activator: Ultrastructure and peptidase activities," J. Mol. Biol. 313: 465-471.
M. Groll & T. Clausen (2003) "Molecular shredders: how proteasomes fulfill their
roll," Current Opinion in Struct. Biol. 13: 665-673.
M. Orlowski & S. Wilk (2003) "Ubiquitin-independent proteolytic functions of the
proteasome," Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 415: 1-5.
A. M. Cuervo (2004) "Autophagy: in sickness and in health," Trends in Cell Biol.
14: 70-77.
N. E. Zachara & G. W. Hart (2004) "O-GlcNAc modification: a nutritional
sensor that modulates proteasome function," Trends in Cell Biol. 14: 218-221.
A. Weihofen & B. Martoglio (2003) "Intramembrane-cleaving proteases: controlled
liberation of proteins and bioactive peptides," Trends in Cell Biol. 13: 71-78.
N. Wei & X. W. Deng (2003) "The COP9 signalosome," Annu. Rev. Cell Dev.
Biol. 19: 261-286.
P. A. Robinson & H. C. Ardley
(2004) "Ubiquitin-protein ligases," J. Cell Sci. 117: 5191-5194.
J. C. Whisstock, S. P. Bottomley,
P. I. Bird, R. N. Pike & P. Coughlin (2005) "Serpins 2005 - fun between the
b-sheets,"
FEBS J. 272: 4868-4873.
D. J. Klionsky (2005) "The molecular machinery of autophagy: unanswered
questions," J. Cell Sci. 118: 7-18.
U. Nair & D. J. Klionsky (2005) "Molecular mechanisms and regulation of specific
and nonspecific autophagy pathways in yeast," J. Biol. Chem. 280: 41785-41788.
P. Ho & C. J. Hawkins (2005) "Mammalian initiator apoptotic caspases," FEBS J.
272: 5436-5453.
C. Adrain, G. Brumatti & S. J. Martin (2006) "Apoptosomes: protease activation
platforms to die from," Trends in Biochem. Sci. 31: 243-247.
J. A. Huntington (2006) "Shape-shifting serpins - advantages of a mobile
mechanism," TRENDS in Biochem. Sci. 31: 427-435.
S. Kaushik & A. M. Cuervo (2006) "Autophagy as a cell-repair mechanism:
activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy during oxidative stress," Molec.
Aspects of Med. 27: 444-454.
A. von Mikecz (2006) "The nuclear ubiquitin-proteasome system," J. Cell Sci.
119: 1977-1984.
D. M. Smith, N. Benaroudj & A. Goldberg (2006) "Proteasomes and their associated
ATPases: A destructive combination," J. Struct. Biol. 156: 72-83.
B. Turk & V. Stoka (2007) "Protease signalling in cell death: caspases versus
cysteine cathepsins," FEBS Lett. 581: 2761-2767.
C. Naujokat, D. Fuchs & C. Berges (2007) "Adaptive modification and flexibility
of the proteasome system in response to proteasome inhibition," Biochim. Biophys.
Acta 1773: 1389-1397.
1. a. Summarize how proteins are tagged for degradation
by proteasomes. Include the roles of E1, E2, and E3 in this
process. Which of these proteins is responsible for specificity, in determining
which proteins are tagged for degradation?
b. Describe the structure and subunit composition of the eukaryotic 20S proteasome
core complex. What
is its function? Where are catalytic domains located? What is the essential
residue in each of these catalytic domains?
c. What activities are exhibited
by different parts of the 19S regulatory cap complex? What are thought to be
their roles?
Copyright © 1998-2008 by Joyce J. Diwan. All rights reserved.
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