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Quiz on
Glycolysis
Reading:
Textbook Reading: Voet & Voet, Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Chapter 17.
Some recent articles
(optional reading):
X. Liu, C. S. Kim, F. T. Kurbanov, R. B. Honzatko & H. J. Fromm (1999)
"Dual mechanisms for glucose 6-phosphate inhibition of human brain
Hexokinase," J. Biol. Chem. 274: 31155-31159.
N. de la Iglesia, M. Mukhtar, J. Seoane, J. J. Guinovart & L. Agius (2000)
"The role of the regulatory protein of glucokinase in the glucose sensory
mechanism of the hepatocyte," J. Biol. Chem. 275: 10597-10603.
R. K. Wierenga (2001) "The TIM-barrel fold: a
versatile framework for efficient enzymes," FEBS Lett. 492: 193-198.
N. Nagano, C. A. Orengo & J. M. Thornton (2002) "One fold with many functions:
the evolutionary relationships between TIM barrel families based on their
sequences, structures and functions," J. Mol. Biol. 321: 741-765.
M. E. Munoz & E. Ponce (2003) "Pyruvate kinase: current status of regulatory and
functional properties," Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B 135: 197-218.
L. B. Gladden (2004) "Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third
milllennium," J. Physiol. 558: 5-30.
J. A. Gerlt, P. C. Babbitt & I. Rayment (2005) "Divergent evolution in the
enolase superfamily: the interplay of mechanism and specificity," Arch. Biochem.
Biophys. 433: 59-70.
J.-W. Kim & C. V. Dang (2005) "Multifaceted roles of glycolytic enzymes," Trends
in Biochem. Sci. 30: 142-150.
A. Philp, A. L. Macdonald & P. W. Watt (2005) "Lactate - a signal coordinating
cell and systemic function," J. Exptl. Biol. 208: 4561-4575.
R. Dentin, J. Girard & C. Postic (2005) "Carbohydrate responsive element binding
protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c):
two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in liver,"
Biochimie 87: 81-86.
E. Ghanassia, J.-F. Brun, J. Mercier & E. Raynaud (2007) "Oxidative mechanisms
at rest and during exercise," Clinica Chim. Acta 383: 1-20.
Potential Test Questions:
1. Diagram the pathway of Glycolysis from glucose to pyruvate, giving structures and names of all pathway intermediates (enzyme mechanisms not required here) and names of enzymes (no abbreviations). Indicate where ADP, ATP, Pi, NAD+, or NADH is a substrate or product of a reaction.
2. a. List substrates and products for the reaction
catalyzed by Phosphofructokinase.
b. Diagram and explain the dependence of Phosphofructokinase
reaction rate on [fructose-6-phosphate], at low and high [ATP]. Explain
the value to a cell of the effect of high [ATP] on Phosphofructokinase.
3. Indicate one example of a pathway by which the NADH generated in Glycolysis is reoxidized in anaerobic organisms, giving names and structures of reactants and products (reaction mechanisms not required here). Explain why anaerobic organisms, which lack a respiratory chain, must have such a mechanism for oxidizing NADH.
4. a. List substrates and products for the reaction
catalyzed by Hexokinase.
b. How does the liver Glucokinase enzyme differ from
Hexokinase in its dependence on concentrations of reactant(s) and/or product(s)?
How is this important to the role of the liver in regulating blood glucose?
Copyright © 1998-2007 by Joyce J. Diwan. All rights reserved.
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