Blended (hybrid) learning is the combination of multiple approaches to pedagogy or teaching. For example:- self-paced, collaborative or inquiry-based study. Blended learning can be accomplished through the use of 'blended' virtual and physical resources. Examples include combinations of technology-based materials and traditional print materials.
Blended Learning Systems: Definition, Current Trends, And Future Directions
Charles R. Graham
"One frequent question asked when one hears about blended learning (BL) is “What is
being blended?” While there are a wide variety of responses to this question (Driscoll,
2002), most of the definitions are just variations of a few common themes. The three
most commonly mentioned definitions documented by Graham, Allen, and Ure (2003)
are:
1) Bended Learning = combining instructional modalities (or delivery media)
2) Bended Learning = combining instructional methods
3) Bended Learning = combining online and face-to-face instruction"
http://www.publicationshare.com/graham_intro.pdf
Blended Learning: Why Everything Old Is New Again—But Better
Caroline Gray
"
Blended learning is a powerful training solution that combines e-learning with a variety of other delivery methods for a superior learning experience. This article reveals what makes blended learning so powerful, and how to choose the right mix of delivery methods for the best blend of skill enhancement and sustainability to ensure a company’s long-term competitive advantage."
http://www.learningcircuits.org/2006/March/gray.htm
Blended Learning Models
Purnima Valiathan
"
The term blended learning is used to describe a solution that combines several different delivery methods, such as collaboration software, Web-based courses, EPSS, and knowledge management practices. Blended learning also is used to describe learning that mixes various event-based activities, including face-to-face classrooms, live e-learning, and self-paced learning. Unfortunately, there's no single formula that guarantees learning, but here are some guidelines from NIIT on how to order your learning activities."
http://www.learningcircuits.org/2002/aug2002/valiathan.html
Blended Learning - What is it and where might it take us?
Richard Voos
"
Blended learning—a combination of face-to-face and online media, with "seat time" significantly reduced—is an increasing proportion of instruction in U.S. higher education. Supplementing wholly face-to-face courses and wholly online asynchronous courses with technology is nearly ubiquitous."
http://www.aln.org/publications/view/v2n1/blended1.htm
Blended Learning Design: Five Key Ingredients
Jared M. Carman
"People are not single-method learners!” says e-learning guru Elliott Masie (cited in Rossett, 2002). Indeed, while specific “blended” offerings differ, industry consensus continues to point to the use of multiple modalities for
learning. Masie puts it simply: “We are, as a species, blended learners.” If this is true–that people perform better when they have a mix of modalities and methods of learning–what defines the most effective mix? Will any
combination of modalities do, or is there an “optimum blend,” a “sweet spot” to blended learning? In short, what is the most effective blended learning design? This paper suggests the need for five critical ingredients
for blended learning, and uses both traditional and modern instructional design to back it up."
http://www.knowledgenet.com/pdf/Blended%20Learning%20Design_1028.PDF
What Works in Blended Learning
Josh Bersin
"Blended learning is the latest buzzword in corporate training. It sounds so simple: mix e-learning with
other types of training delivery. But questions persist. What are the best ways to blend delivery types?
When do you blend? What blends work best with what? And the $million question: Will the term blended
learning replace e-learning? Bersin & Associates set out to understand these issues. In 2002 and 2003,
Bersin & Associates partnered with IDC to conduct a study of more than 30 corporate blended learning
programs to understand what works."
http://www.learningcircuits.org/2003/jul2003/bersin.htm
Strategies for Building Blended Learning
Allison Rossett, Felicia Douglis, and Rebecca V. Frazee
"
At a recent conference, a practitioner was overheard saying, “I can see why blending makes sense. But
what do I put with what? We have a hundred instructors and e-learning modules. If I put them together, is
that a blend? What is a blend and how do I make it work in an organization that prefers a quick fix?”
Those questions and more are tackled here.
A blend is an integrated strategy for delivering on promises about learning and performance.
Blending involves a planned combination of approaches, such as coaching by a supervisor;
participation in an online class; breakfast with colleagues; competency descriptions; reading on
the beach; reference to a manual; collegial relationships; and participation in seminars,
workshops, and online communities."
http://www.learningcircuits.org/2003/jul2003/rossett.htm
Teaching and Learning in a Hybrid World: An Interview with Carol Twigg
Susan Walsh Veronikas, Michael F. Shaughnessy
"We have to look at what we're trying to accomplish in a particular course and figure out the right blend of face-to-face and online. That blend is going to vary from subject to subject and particularly from student to student. . . . But I think that hybrid courses are very definitely the way of the future."
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0443.pdf
Blend it like Beckham!
Donald Clark
Attention is now turning to the serious business of bringing rigour and structure to blending different methods of learning.
Some sceptics see blended learning as an old idea dressed up in new clothes. Others, who have a vested interest in defending traditional ways of doing things from the encroaching tide of online learning see it as 'a nice name for not changing very much' (Roger Schank).
However, blended learning is more than just a temporary stay of execution for the training departments. It represents a profound change of orientation for our whole concept of learning - moving us to a learner-centric approach that is sensitive to the real needs of both learners and the context in which learning takes place.
In this ground-breaking new 44-page white paper, Donald Clark, Epic, lays out a structure for achieving optimal blends, and identifies the components, criteria, models and tools to be used.
http://www.epic.co.uk/content/resources/white_papers/blended.htm
Blended Learning and Business Change
Michael Brennan
Online delivery of training (i.e., e-learning) has surpassed the early-adopter stage, and companies find that the longer they use it, the more they use it. A cost-cutting slant has been effective in fostering its growth as a tool at the disposal of training professionals. However, training and development professionals should recognize that cost savings will not perpetuate themselves and should focus their energies on increasing the value of their services to the corporate mission by efficiently and effectively delivering content that supports both organizational and individual goals.
http://www.clomedia.com/content/templates/clo_fairfield.asp?articleid=349
Blended Learning
Charles D. Dziuban, Joel L. Hartman, Patsy D. Moskal
Seven years of research at the University of Central Florida (UCF) has found that blended courses--those that combine face-to-face instruction with online learning and reduced classroom contact hours--have the potential to increase student learning while lowering attrition rates compared to equivalent, fully online courses. This research bulletin reports the results of a disciplined UCF program that has led to a fundamental redesign of the instructional model.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0407.pdf
Classroom Teaching Changes in Web-Enhanced Courses: A Multi-Institutional Study
Robin G. Wingard
This study assessed the kinds of changes that occur in face-to-face instruction when faculty add Web enhancements to their courses.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EQM0414.pdf
The Hybrid Online Model: Good Practice
Margie Martyn
A hybrid approach to online learning offers important lessons for institutions entering the online arena.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EQM0313.pdf
Future Directions Of Blended Learning In Higher Education And Workplace Learning Settings
Curtis J. Bonk,
Kyong-Jee Kim,
Tingting Zen
As is clear from reading the various chapters of this book, blended learning is more than
fashionable; it is training and educational delivery method of choice. Blended learning is
dominating news in higher education, in corporate America, and in governmental training
settings. It is now standard part of the education and training lexicon. Organizations and
institutions of learning must now account for blended learning in all its various disguises.
Blended learning is seen in the linkages between instructors, learners, and classrooms located in
two or states, provinces, regions, countries, or continents.
http://www.publicationshare.com/c083_bonk_future.pdf
Building Effective Blended Learning Programs
Harvey Singh
The first generation of e-learning or Web-based learning programs focused on presenting physical classroom-based instructional content over the Internet. Furthermore, firstgeneration e-learning (digitally delivered learning) programs tended to be a repetition or compilation of online versions of classroom-based courses. The experience gained from the first-generation of e-learning, often riddled with long sequences of ‘page-turner’ content and pointand-click quizzes, is giving rise to the realization that a single mode of instructional delivery may not provide sufficient choices, engagement, social contact, relevance, and context needed to facilitate successful learning and performance.
In the second wave of e-learning, increasing numbers of learning designers are experimenting with blended learning models that combine various delivery modes. Anecdotal evidence indicates that blended learning not only offers
more choices but also is more effective.
http://www.bookstoread.com/framework/blended-learning.pdf
'Hybrid' Teaching Seeks to End the Divide Between Traditional and Online Instruction
Jeffrey R. Young
Hybrid courses and hybrid degree programs promise the best of both worlds, offering some of the convenience of all-online courses without the complete loss of face-to-face contact. Since the earliest days of online courses, some students living on campuses chose them, citing their convenience. Many administrators initially tried to discourage such students from taking all-online courses, but some of those are now warming to the idea. Hybrid models appear less controversial among faculty members than fully online courses have been, though some professors worry about any move away from an educational system that has worked for centuries. The move toward a hybrid education has been quieter than much-hyped efforts to create completely virtual programs. Graham B. Spanier, president of Pennsylvania State University, calls the convergence of online and resident instruction "the single-greatest unrecognized trend in higher education today," and he touted it as part of the vision for his university in a speech last year.
http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i28/28a03301.htm
Questioning The Hybrid Model: Student Outcomes In Different Course Formats
Saxon G. Reasons, Kevin Valadares, Michael Slavkin
Current literature suggests that a hybrid model of distance education supports student learning more
effectively than any other format. It also seems likely that the hybrid format can be used in most courses.
The purpose of our study was to examine the strength of these assertions. This study examined the
outcomes of two introductory courses in teacher education and health services employing similar
pedagogical methods within three delivery formats (face-to-face, internet-based, and hybrid) in an effort
to compare each of these modes of instruction. Results demonstrate that significant differences exist
among the various formats and that the internet-based format could possibly lead to better student
outcomes compared to face-to-face and hybrid formats.
http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/jaln/v9n1/pdf/v9n1_reasons.pdf
Inside Outside, Upside Downside Strategies for Connecting Online and Face-to-Face Instruction in Hybrid Courses
Peter Sands
Hybridity is the order of the day, as teachers combine the distributed teaching and learning of distance education with the comfortable interaction of the classroom in an effort to achieve a synthesis of the two. Even a cursory search will turn up evidence of the expectation that hybrid forms of teaching will supplant others, especially for people who may need an alternative delivery format because of their busy schedules, but who also need the support structure of a traditional classroom. (Levine and and Warren K. Wake; Isenhart) In the case of the hybrid course, seat time is reduced and some of the course activities-- information transfer, exchange of ideas, testing, essay-writing, etc.--are distributed throughout the semester, with students accessing course materials and performing other tasks online. This is often accomplished through an off-the-shelf Course Management System, such as Blackboard, Prometheus or WebCT, but it can also be accomplished via something as simple as email, or as information-rich as streaming video. Because of the highly text-based nature of
websites and email, hybrid courses become de facto writing-intensive courses when teachers
work carefully to integrate the online and classroom components.
http://www.uwsa.edu/ttt/articles/sands2.htm
A Hybrid Campus for the New Millenium
Ron Bleed
I propose that the schoolhouse of the future for colleges and universities should be a “hybrid” model, one that incorporates creative uses of technology, architecture, and people. This model not only will aid us in the design of new campus structures but also will help us to improve learning and to provide the socialization that supports the making
of meaning for students in our new era.
http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0110.pdf
Blended Learning
http://www.epic.co.uk/content/resources/white_papers/Epic_Whtp_blended.pdf
Blended Learning
http://www.grayharriman.com/blended_learning.htm#1
Blended Learning: Choosing the Right Blend
http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/blendlearning/index.htm
Blended Learning and Business Change
Michael Brennan
http://www.clomedia.com/content/templates/clo_fairfield.asp?articleid=349
Face-to-Face vs. Cyberspace: Finding the Middle Ground
http://campustechnology.com/articles/38921/
Hybrid Learning
http://media.njit.edu/hybrid/defined.php
Hybrid (Blended) Learning - EDUCAUSE http://www.educause.edu/content.asp?page_id=645&PARENT_ID=576&bhcp=1
Instructional Design: Teaching Techniques for Online Learninghttp://www.umsl.edu/technology/frc/worddocs/mygateway2.htm#Discussion_Board
Blended Instruction: Adapting Conventional Instruction for Large Classes
http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/winter64/marsh64.htm
Creating a Hybrid College Course: Instructional Design Notes and Recommendations for Beginners
http://jolt.merlot.org/vol1_no2_hensley.htm
Going Web-Based? Helping School Administrators Make Informed Choices About Web-Based Courses
http://class.unl.edu/pubs/1cka-going-web-based.pdf
NSW Department of Education and Training http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/learning/yrk12focusareas/learntech/blended/index.php
The emerging contribution of online resources and tools to classroom learning and teaching
http://www.tact.fse.ulaval.ca/ang/html/partie3.html
Teaching Tips Index
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/teachtip.htm#assessment
PEDAGOGY for Blended Instruction: A Primer
http://www.ppecorino.com/Articles/PEDAGOGY-blended-instruction-primer.html
Web Based Learning Resources Library
http://www.knowledgeability.biz/weblearning/
What is a Good Lesson?
http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/research/good_lesson.shtml
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